HFE 7100 ®
A commercial solvent by 3M used as carrier in reagents such as
ninhydrin, DFO, and Indanedione.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Hale, Dr. Alfred R. (1952)
A fingerprint researcher from Tulane University noted for his research
into friction ridge formation and the uniqueness of fingerprints. Hale
believed that prior to primary ridges forming, cells proliferate forming
clusters or units. These clusters fuse together forming primary ridges.
So far there is no evidence that supports this hypothesis. The current
data shows that fiction ridges develop as a whole. They may indeed
develop from clusters, but so far there is no visual scientific evidence
of this.
Credited with the definitive treatise on the development of
fingerprints: Morphogenesis of Volar Skin in the Human Fetus,
American Journal of Anatomy 91:147-173, 1952.
http://www.handanalysis.net/library/derm_history.htm
Hall-Mills Case (1922)(Trial, Nov. 1926)
On Sept. 14, 1922 the Reverend Edward W. Hall and Mrs. Eleanor Mills were
murdered in Somerville, New Jersey. This quickly became one of the most
sensational investigations and trials in American crime. The case involved
sex, scandal, dramatic players, a bungled investigation and a million
dollar defense. Although numerous articles and books have been written
about this case, its significance to the fingerprint community seems to
have gone by unnoticed. This is the case of the first known erroneous
identification. Retired Deputy Police Commissioner Joseph Faurot (NYPD)
along with Lieutenant Fred Drewen and Edward H. Schwartz erroneously
identified a latent print on key evidence to one of the suspects, William
Stevens. J.H. Taylor and Gerhardt Kuhne (brother of Frederick Kuhne)
testified for the defense in this trial. All suspects were acquitted and
this case remains unsolved today.
Hallucal
A region which corresponds to the distal thenar and first interdigital region
on the palm.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Another opinion:
The region around the hallux (big toe) on the sole of the foot.
Hallux
Big toe.
Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, David R. Ashbaugh 1999 CRC Press
Hamm, Ernest D.
Ernest D. (Ernie) Hamm is recognized as an expert in latent print, footwear and
tire track examinations. He began his career as a military police patrol officer
and worked as a Special Agent-Criminal Investigator in the Army Criminal
Investigation Command where he continued his career as a forensic examiner in
the US Army and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. He became an IAI
Certified Latent Print Examiner in 1978. For over 30 years he has been an
instrumental part of the forensic community. Not only is Mr. Hamm a leading
practitioner and remarkable historian, he’s also a renowned educator. Mr. Hamm
instructed examiners worldwide, conducting presentations, training seminars,
classes, and workshops and has participated in numerous educational conferences.
He has received instructor certification from the Arkansas and Florida Commissions
on Law Enforcement Standards and Training and the South Carolina Criminal Justice
Academy. His participation in several professional organizations spans decades
long and include numerous articles, lectures and presentations. He has been
associated with the CID Agents Association, Florida Division of the IAI, Forensic
Science Society of England, Canadian Identification Society (CIS), International
Association for Identification (IAI), The Fingerprint Society (England) and
American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS). He is a Life Member of the CIS,
a Life and Distinguished Member of the IAI, Fellow of the Fingerprint Society and
a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. Mr. Hamm was also a
certified inspector of the ASCLD Laboratory Accreditation Board.
In addition, Mr. Hamm was instrumental in a revision of the current IAI logo.
He enhanced the fingerprint image of Sir Francis Galton, which was the central
focus of the logo. The enhancement version was first introduced at the 1985 IAI
Conference and the details regarding the enhancement were presented at the 1991
IAI Conference. The revised and enhanced logo was adopted by the IAI for use on
the cover of the Journal of Forensic Identification in 1992.
Handiprint
A flexible plastic adhesive lifter with a clear cover useful for taking major case
prints, prints from the deceased, or lifting latent prints deposited on skin.
Available in several sizes from CSI Forensic Supply.
See Quickprint.
Haque, Azizul (1800's)
Aka Azizul Haque, Azizul Hacque, or Khan Bahadur Azizul Huq.
One of the Indian Police Officers in Bengal who worked for Sir Edward Richard
Henry and helped him develop the Henry System of Classification. Haque
devised a mathematical formula to supplement Henry's idea of sorting slips in
1024 pigeon holes, based on fingerprint patterns.
http://www.jpgmonline.com/article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2000;volume=46;
issue=4;spage=303;epage=8;aulast=Tewari 02-15-2004
Hayden, Eric
See State of Washington vs. Eric Hayden.
Heel
The lowest part of a foot print or the portion furthest from the toes.
Heidenhain, Martin (1864-1949)
Pathologist & histologist who researched the relationship between the dermis
and the epidermis. Alfred R. Hale describes him by saying, "The true
anatomical relationship of epidermis to dermis was not realized until the
classic article of Heidenhain appeared in 1906. The older investigators
with the exception of Blaschko (1887) believed the epidermis to send into
the substance of the dermis peglike projections (epidermal papillae, Hautpapillen)."
Morphogensis of volar skin in the human fetus, Alfred R. Hale, 1952.
Hemidesmosome (Hemi-desmosome)
The cells in the basal layer are connected to the basement membrane
by hemidesmosomes.
Henry Classification
An alpha-numeric system of fingerprint classification named after Sir Edward Richard
Henry used for filing, searching, and retrieving tenprint records.
SWGFAST, Standard Terminology of Friction Ridge Examination 3-23-11 ver. 3.0
Henry, Sir Edward Richard (July 26, 1850-Feb. 19, 1931)
Henry was in India when he and 2 Bengali police officers (Haque and Bose) came up
with the classification system that was adopted by the British in 1897. This
classification system, bearing his name, became the most widely used classification
system worldwide for the next 100 years. In 1900, Henry devised a statistical model
to determine the probability of two fingerprints from different fingers having the
same series of Galton points. In 1901, Henry was appointed Assistant Commissioner
at Scotland Yard where he implemented the first fingerprint bureau that regularly
took fingerprints of inmates.
Henthorn Decision (1991)
See United States v Henthorn.
Hepburn, Dr. David
Dr. David Hepburn was one of the original researchers of friction skin. It
doesn't appear that he was interested in individuality but rather the development
and function of friction skin. Dr. Hepburn studied the ridges of six species of
monkeys. Dr. Wilder credits Hepburn with the first to suggest that there is a
mechanical function to ridges in addition to sensitivity, i.e. gripping. Wilder
also credits Hepburn with naming two of the eminences on the hand, the thenar and
the hypothenar. Hepburn wrote "The Papillary Ridges on the Hands and Feet of
Monkeys and Men" in 1895.
Heptane
Solvent used in the preparation of reagents.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Herschel, Sir William James (Jan. 9, 1833-1917 or 1918)
Credited with being the first European to recognize the value of fingerprints
for identification. He recognized that fingerprints were unique and permanent.
Herschel documented his own fingerprints over his lifetime to prove permanence.
He was also credited with being the first person to used fingerprints in a
practical manner. As early as the 1850's, working as a British officer for the
Indian Civil Service, he started putting fingerprints on contracts.
Hexane
Solvent used in the preparation of reagents.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Hinge Lifter
The adhesive used to lift a latent print hinged to the backing that it would be secured to.
Histology
The branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or
plant tissues.
WordNet ® 1.6, © 1997 Princeton University
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=histology
Holland, Mary (Feb. 25, 1868-Mar 27, 1915)
Mary and Phil Holland operated the Holland Detective Agency in the early 1900's.
In 1904, they met Ferrier at the World's Fair in St. Louis. Ferrier instructed
Mary Holland and eight others on fingerprints and how to use the Henry System.
In 1907, Mary Holland was hired by the US Navy as a fingerprint instructor.
She is considered to be the second American fingerprint instructor in the United
States (second to Parke) but the first woman fingerprint instructor. Her teachings
promoted the Henry System throughout the United States. Mary Holland is also
credited as one of the fingerprint experts (along with Edward Foster, William M.
Evans and Michael P. Evans) to testify in the trial "People vs. Jennings".
Holt, Sarah B.
Assistant of L. S. Penrose. Noted for her research into the association
between dermal ridges and various diseases and the statistical distribution
of dermal patterns. She wrote "Significance of Dermatoglyphics in Medicine"
in 1949 and "The Genetics of Dermal Ridges" in 1968.
Holy Grail Reference Library
The Holy Grail Reference Library is a collection of 149 hard to find articles,
books, presentations, and court decisions related to friction skin. These
documents, dating back to 1892, are essential resources for latent print
examiners. Glenn Langenburg, from the Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension,
(with the help of others) has compiled and distributes this reference material
on compact disk.
Horny Layer of Epidermis
See Stratum Corneum.
Horseshoe
A form of documentation used to show that an impression has some form of value.
This is done by putting a horseshoe marking around the impression. Multiple
horseshoes can be used to document simultaneous impressions.
Hot Breath Method or Technique (aka Huffing)
Breathing on a latent print either to visualize the print or to infuse
moisture back into an older latent print.
Hot Flame Method
Aka the Flame Technique. The hot flame method is a process used to develop
friction ridge detail on nonporous items. A substance, such as camphor,
masking tape, or pine tar is burned to produce heavy soot. While the
substance is burning, an object is placed in the smoke until a thick coat of
soot is formed on the object. The extra soot is then brushed away with a
fingerprint brush leaving soot on the friction ridge detail.
See Flame Technique.
Huber, Assistant Commissioner Roy A. (July 1921- September 28, 2005)
Retired Assistant Commissioner Roy A. Huber, RCMP, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, is
credited as being the person who formulated Analysis, Comparison, Evaluation in
the 1950's, now known as ACE-V. Inspector Huber wrote the articles "Expert
Witness" in 1959 and "The Philosophy of Identification" in 1972 where he explains
the comparison process and "…the process of identification regardless of the
subject matter". Additionally, he wrote the book "Handwriting Identification:
Facts & Fundamentals" in 1999 with Alfred Headrick.
Hudson, Dr. Erastus Mead (1930's)
Credited with the discovery of the silver nitrate processing method for obtaining
latent prints from unpainted wood. This process became well known after Dr.
Hudson developed latent prints on the ladder involved in the Lindbergh kidnapping
case (1932). Others had experimented with silver nitrate prior to Dr. Hudson,
but historically he is given the recognition. Dr. Hudson also did research in
using silver nitrate to develop latent prints on other items, such as cloth and
gloves.
Finger Print and Identification Magazine, Vol. 17, No. 3, September 1935.
Huffing (aka The Hot Breath Technique)
Breathing on a latent print either to visualize the print or to infuse moisture
back into an older latent print.
Human Factors Report
In December 2008, NIST and NIJ funded a research project aimed at assessing errors
in latent fingerprint examinations. On Feb 9, 2012, the findings and 149
recommendations were published in a report titled “Latent Print Examination and
Human Factors: Improving the Practice through a Systems Approach”. The findings and
recommendations became known as the Human Factors Report.
Hungarian Red
A red protein stain used to visualize bloody friction ridge detail.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Also known as Acid Fuchsin.
Hyalin Layer of Epidermis
See Stratum Lucidum.
Hydrochloric Acid
A chemical used to process thermal paper to develop friction ridge detail.
Also known as Muriatic Acid.
Hydrofluoric Acid (Hydrogen Fluoride)
A latent developmental technique, discovered by Dr. Rene Forgeot in 1891,
used for recovering latent friction ridge detail on glass. The hydrofluoric
acid vapors deteriorate the glass around a latent image. This method is
very dangerous to use and is no longer needed due to more advanced methods
of latent print recovery.
Hydrogen Peroxide
Chemical used in friction ridge development reagents.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Hyperdactyly
See Polydactyly.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Birth defect (in humans) characterized by the presence of more than the
normal number of fingers or toes
Synonyms: polydactyly
Source: WordNet ® 1.7, © 2001 Princeton University
Hyperhidrosis
A medical condition that increases the ability of the body to sweat.
Hyperhidrosis can be caused by a genetic disorder or the use of certain
medications. Additional medical conditions affecting the ability of the
body to sweat include anhidrosis and hypohidrosis.
Hypohidrosis
A medical condition that reduces the ability of the body to sweat.
Hypohidrosis can be caused by a genetic disorder, damage to the skin, or
the use of certain medications. Additional medical conditions affecting
the ability of the body to sweat include anhidrosis and hyperhidrosis.
Hypothenar Area
The friction ridge skin on the palm, below the interdigital area on the
ulnar side of the palm.
SWGFAST, Glossary - Consolidated 09-09-03 ver. 1.0
http://www.swgfast.org/Glossary_Consolidated_ver_1.pdf
Ulnar side of the palm between the little finger and wrist.
Quantitative-Qualitative Friction Ridge Analysis, David R. Ashbaugh 1999 CRC Press
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific
problem that can be tested by further investigation.
The American Heritage ® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=hypothesis 02-27-03
Hypothesis testing
A valid scientific technique to guide someone through research and show others that you have
observations to support your theory. (Inductive reasoning)
1) Question
2) Gather data - all data, not only data that supports your conclusion.
3) Speculate at causes and test possible causes
4) Conclusion - testable, repeatable or reproducible, falsifiable, and explainable or demonstrable.
5) Peer review / Publication - ensures objectivity and unbiasedness, does not insure accurate
results or conclusions.
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